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Layer 3

Relevant for:Professional ServicesEnterprise / NetOps
Where to find itCanvasSelect a router / L3 switchL3 tab

Routed interfaces & VRFs#

Address physical interfaces (IP, prefix, bandwidth, VRF) and define VRFs with route distinguishers and import/export targets. IPAM can auto-assign point-to-point addressing.

Sub-interfaces (dot1q)#

Where to find itCanvasSelect a router or L3 switchL3 tabRouted interfaceSub-interfaces

Hang dot1q sub-interfaces off any routed parent — each with its own VLAN tag, IP/prefix, VRF, description, and admin state. The section only appears on roles that support them (routers, standalone Nexus and Arista L3 switches); Catalyst and Aruba switches use SVIs for inter-VLAN routing instead.

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0.10
 description Guest VLAN gateway
 encapsulation dot1Q 10
 vrf forwarding GUEST
 ip address 10.0.10.1 255.255.255.0
 no shutdown
Why
Sub-interfaces put several routed L3 networks on one physical link — router-on-a-stick for inter-VLAN routing on a router, or a tagged hand-off to a firewall/service device. Each tag is validated for range (1–4094) and uniqueness on its parent, and the editor is hidden on roles whose configs would never render it, so you cannot build something the device rejects.

Loopback interfaces#

Where to find itCanvasSelect an L3 deviceL3 tabLoopbacks

Create any number of loopbacks with full configuration: ID, description, IP (default /32), secondary address, VRF, OSPF participation, and shutdown state — rendered in each vendor's dialect.

interface Loopback0
 description router-id
 ip address 10.255.0.1 255.255.255.255
 ip ospf 1 area 0
 no shutdown
Why
A loopback never flaps — it is up as long as the device is. That makes it the right anchor for everything that must survive a link failure: the OSPF/BGP router-id, BGP update-source (iBGP sessions ride any available path), and the AAA/NTP/NetFlow source interfaces configured on the Management and Features tabs. The /32 convention advertises exactly one host route per device. Validation ties it together: duplicate loopback IPs are flagged design-wide, and any update-source/source-interface that names an undefined LoopbackN gets a warning before it ships.

First-hop redundancy (HSRP / VRRP)#

Where to find itCanvasSelect an L3 switchL3 tabSVIsFirst-Hop Redundancy

Each SVI can run HSRP or VRRP with full depth: group and priority, preempt with minimum/reload/sync delays, interface/object tracking with a decrement, hello and hold/dead timers, protocol version (HSRP v1/v2, VRRP v2/v3), a virtual MAC (HSRP), plain-text or MD5 authentication (MD5 is HSRP-only), and secondary virtual IPs.

interface Vlan100
 standby version 2
 standby 100 ip 10.200.100.1
 standby 100 priority 110
 standby 100 preempt delay minimum 30
 standby 100 timers 1 3
 standby 100 track 10 decrement 20
 standby 100 authentication md5 key-string <vault>
Why
Preempt with a delay lets a recovered primary reclaim the active role only after its routing table has converged, avoiding a black hole. Tracking with a decrement drops priority when an uplink fails so the standby takes over before traffic is stranded. The authentication key is a vault reference — the real value renders at generation, never stored in the design. Active/Standby (HSRP) and Master/Backup (VRRP) state and statistics are runtime — check them with show standby brief or show vrrp. IPv6 first-hop redundancy is planned alongside platform-wide IPv6 support.

OSPF, EIGRP & BGP#

OSPF: process ID, router-id, areas/networks, passive-interface default with an explicit no-passive interface list, default-information originate (conditional or always), and redistribution. EIGRP (Cisco IOS-XE and NX-OS): autonomous system, router-id, networks, passive/no-passive, redistribution — NX-OS gets feature eigrp plus interface-mode enrollment on routed ports and SVIs automatically. BGP: local AS, neighbors with update-source, eBGP multihop, BFD fall-over, per-neighbor default-originate, redistribution, and per-neighbor route-map and prefix-list policy bound from the Features tab.

router ospf 1
 router-id 1.1.1.1
 passive-interface default
 no passive-interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
 network 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
 default-information originate
!
router eigrp 100
 eigrp router-id 1.1.1.1
 passive-interface default
 no passive-interface TenGigabitEthernet1/0/1
 network 10.10.0.0 0.0.15.255
 redistribute static
 no auto-summary
!
router bgp 65001
 bgp router-id 1.1.1.1
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 192.0.2.1 remote-as 65000
 neighbor 192.0.2.1 fall-over bfd
 !
 address-family ipv4
  neighbor 192.0.2.1 activate
  neighbor 192.0.2.1 route-map RM-IN in
  neighbor 192.0.2.1 default-originate
 exit-address-family
Why
passive-interface default stops hellos on every port except the ones you explicitly enable — no accidental adjacencies over user ports. default-information originate on the WAN edge means interior devices learntheir default route instead of carrying blind statics — when the edge loses its uplink, the default disappears with it and traffic fails over. BFD on eBGP gives sub-second failure detection where the default hold timer would take 180 seconds. Redistribution glues protocol domains together — an edge redistributing its static default into EIGRP serves the same purpose OSPF's DIO does.

Static routes with IP SLA tracking#

Any static route can be tracked: an IP SLA probe pings a destination and the route stays installed only while the probe succeeds — automatic failover to a higher-metric backup.

ip sla 10
 icmp-echo 8.8.8.8 source-interface Gi0/0/0
 frequency 5
ip sla schedule 10 life forever start-time now
track 10 ip sla 10 reachability
ip route 10.200.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.200.100.1 5 track 10 name backup
Why
A plain floating static only fails over when the interface goes down — useless when the primary path dies upstream while your local link stays up. Tracking the route against an end-to-end probe fails over on real reachability. Validation enforces unique SLA ids and valid probe targets.